COD:MW2 - No Russian Mission

The mission puts you in a place of a US undercover agent infiltrating a Russian terrorist group as they go through an airport murdering civilians

Concern: This will encourage terrorist-level violence in children, using cultivation theory that desensitises players to violence and undermines morality by having players kill innocent people indiscriminately. Through the game is aimed at adults, younger people often get access to such games.

Alternative: The game is aimed at adults and the level makes you question how far is too far, both on the personal and international level militaristic levels. An active audience perspective would say that players can reflect between the game and reality.

Furthermore, you don't have to shoot any civilians and are not punished for not soothing.

Manuel Alvarado’s theory of representation (LO3)

Manuel Alvarado’s theory of representation of ethnicity in the media (1987) identifies four main categories: Dangerous – plays on the fear of otherness (e.g. terrorist, threatening immigrant, a gang member. Exotic – plays on the appeal of otherness (e.g. wealthy foreign royalty, attractive jungle/desert ‘native’ etc) Pitied, the victim – partly because often the only time many foreign countries appear in our media is when they are suffering some disaster. It may also give a sense of superiority to the ‘other’. Humorous - encouraging us to laugh at representations of ethnicity. Earlier examples of this were often racist humour; more recent ones tend to present and subvert stereotypical terms of race and encourage us to recognise and laugh at stereotypes. Family guy has them all, Dangerous, Exotic, Pitied, Humourous.

Laura Mulvey - Male Gaze (LO3)

I n feminist theory, the male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world in the visual arts and in literature from a masculine, heterosexual perspective that presents and represents women as sexual objects for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer. Example of Male Gaze:

Blumler and Katz – Uses and Gratifications (LO6)

Adapted from Denis McQuail’s Audience Pleasures, this active audience theory states we consume media for the following uses and gratifications: •Information and Education – the viewer wants to acquire information, knowledge and understanding by watching programmes like The News or Documentaries. •Entertainment – Viewers watch programmes for enjoyment. •Personal Identity - Viewers can recognise a person or product, or role model that reflects similar values to themselves and mimic or copy some of their characteristics. •Integration and social interaction – the ability of media products to produce a topic of conversation between people. For example who is the best contestant on The X-factor who was the best goal shown on Match of the day. •Escapism – Computer games and action films let viewers escape their real lives and imagine themselves in those situations.

Unit 1 - Media Products and Audiences

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